Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大杂烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a "green labeling" study published by Consumers International Friday .

　　Among the reports more outrageous (令人无法容忍的) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as " earthworm friendly" a brand of flour said it was "non-polluting" and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier"

　　The study was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.

　　" While many good and useful claims are being made , it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy," said Consumers International director Anna Fielder .

　　The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain. Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.

　　The report focused on claims made by specific products , such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products . It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.

　　Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.

　　"Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly , but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing," said report researcher Philip Page .

　　"Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims. While paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading." he said .

　　The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as "environmentally friendly" and "non-polluting" cannot be verified." what we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO." said Page.

　　31. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ______

　　A) all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards

　　B) the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving

　　C) consumers would believe many of the manufactures claim

　　D) few products actually prove to be environment friendly

　　32. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers _____

　　A) are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy

　　B) are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling

　　C) are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment

　　D) still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment

　　33. A study was carried out by Britains NCC to _______

　　A) find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards

　　B) inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy

　　C) examine claims made by products against ISO standards

　　D) revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization

　　34. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?

　　A) They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems

　　B) Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false

　　C) They could arouse widespread anger among consumer

　　D) Consumers will be tempted to buy products they dont need

　　35. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to _______.

　　A) make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements

　　B) see all household products meet environmental standards

　　C) warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products

　　D) verify the efforts of non-polluting products

　　Passage four

　　Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the worlds largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvanias Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.

　　The streams, lakes, meadows (草地), mountain  ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats (栖息地) are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development. The Nature Conservancy (大自然保护协会) named the area one of Americas "Last Great Places".

　　Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancys bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.

　　Altemoses family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his familys land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.

　　Cook attributes the Conservancys success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents

　　"The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community," Cook said. "The people who live there respect the land. They value quite forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort.

　　For more information on how you can help The Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the worlds other "Last Great Places," please call 1-888-564 6864. or visit us on the World Wide Web at www.tnc.org.

　　36. The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of Americas "Last Great Places" is to ________

　　A) gain support from the local community

　　B) protect it from irresponsible development

　　C) make it a better home for black bears

　　D) provide financial security for future generations

　　37. We learn from the passage that _______

　　A) the population in the Pocono area is growing

　　B) wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidly

　　C) the security of the Pocono residents is being threatened

　　D) farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast

　　38. What is important in protecting the Poconos according to Cook?

　　A) The setting up of an environmental protection website

　　B) Support from organizations like The Nature Conservancy

　　C) Cooperation with the local residents and business leaders

　　D) Inclusion of farmlands in the regions protection program

　　39. What does Bud Cook mean by "having a local presence" (Line 1, Para. 5)?

　　A) Financial contributions from local business leaders

　　B) Consideration of the interests of the local residents

　　C) The establishment of a wildlife protection foundation in the area

　　D) The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area

　　40. The passage most probably is ________

　　A) an official document

　　B) a news story

　　C) an advertisement

　　D) a research report

Part III   Vocabulary

　　41. A word processor is much better than a typewriter in that it enables you to enter and _______your text more easily

　　A) register                                 B) edit

　　C) propose                                 D) discharge

　　42. We dont know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such ______colors

　　A) low                                    B) humble

　　C) mild                                    D) dull

　　43. The news has just ______ that the president is going to visit China next month

　　A) come down                            B) come  up

　　C) come out                              D) come about

　　44. The ______ that exists among nations could certainly be lessened if misunderstanding and mistrust were removed

　　A) tension                                B) strain

　　C) stress                                 D) intensity

　　45. The other day, Mum and I went to St. Jamess Hospital, and they did lots and lots of tests on me, most of them _____ and frightening.

　　A) cheerful                               B) horrible

　　C) hostile                                 D) friendly

　　46. In the Mediterranean seaweed is so abundant and so easily harvested that it is never of great _____

　　A) fare                                  B) payment

　　C) worth                                 D) expense

　　47. The writer was so ______ in her work that she didnt notice him enter the room

　　A) absorbed                               B) abandoned

　　C) focused                                D) centered

　　48. Actually , information technology can ______ the gap between the poor and the rich .

　　A) link                                   B) break

　　C) ally                                    D) bridge

　　49. Some research workers completely ______ all those facts as though they never existed .

　　A) ignore                                  B) leave

　　C) refuse                                   D) miss

　　50. Computer power now allows automatic searches of fingerprint files to match a print at a crime ______.

　　A) stage                                     B) scene

　　C) location                                   D) occasion

　　51. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ______ a culture

　　A) retain                                   B) relate

　　C) remark                                  D) review

　　52. Companies are struggling to find the right _______between supply and demand, but it is no easy task

　　A) equation                                B) formula

　　C) balance                                  D) pattern

　　53. Mass advertising helped to _______ the emphasis from the production of goods to their consumption

　　A) vary                                  B) shift

　　C) lay                                    D) moderate

　　54. Because of his excellent administration, people lived in peace and _____ and all previously neglected matters were taken care of .

　　A) conviction                              B) contest

　　C) consent                                D) content

　　55. I know youve got a smooth tongue , so dont talk me ______ buying it

　　A) away                                 B) down

　　C) out                                  D) into

　　56. Showing some sense of humor can be a(n) _______ way to deal with some stressful situation

　　A) effective                              B) efficient

　　C) favorable                              D) favorite

　　57. The situation described in the report ______ terrible, but it may not happen

　　A) inclines                               B) maintains

　　C) sounds                                D) remains

　　58. The company is trying every means to ______ the wholesale price of its products

　　A) pull down                             B) put down

　　C) set down                              D) bring down

　　59. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims

　　A) rewarded                             B) awarded

　　C) credited                              D) prized

　　60. The native Canadians lived in _______ with nature, for they respected nature as a provider of life

　　A) coordination                          B)   acquaintance

　　C) contact                              D)   harmony

　　61. Many people are asking whether traditional research universities in fact have any future _______.

　　A) at all                              B) so far

　　C) in all                               D) on end

　　62. I was impressed _______ the efficiency of the work done in the company

　　A) in                                 B) about

　　C) with                               D) for

　　63. Now in Britain  , wines take up four times as much ______ in the storehouse as both beer and spirits

　　A) block                              B) land

　　C) patch                              D) space

　　64. His hand shook a little as he _______ the key in the lock

　　A) squeezed                          B) inserted

　　C) stuffed                            D) pierced

　　65. For professional athletes , _______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books

　　A) access                              B) attachment

　　C) appeal                              D) approach

　　66 In the long _________ , the new information technologies may fundamentally alter out way of

　　A) view                                B) distance

　　C) jump                                D) run

　　67. All the arrangements should be completed _______ your departure .

　　A) prior to                               B) superior to

　　C) contrary to                            D) parallel to

　　68. We need to create education standards that prepare our next generation who will be _______ with an even more competitive market

　　A) tackled                               B) encountered

　　C) dealt                                 D) confronted

　　69. In the late seventies , the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle in Japan was ______ equivalent to that in the United States

　　A) rudely                                B) roughly

　　C) readily                                D) coarsely

　　70. Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster ______ we radically change way we  live

　　A) but                                      B) although

　　C) unless                                    D) lest

　Part IV      Short Answer Questions

　　We commonly think of sportsmanship in connection with athletic contests, but it also applies to individual outdoor sports. Not everyone who picks up a fishing rod or goes out with a gun is a sportsman. The sportsman first of all obeys the fish and game laws, not because he is liable to be punished as a violator, but because he know that in the main these laws are made for his best interests.

　　The following are some of the things that those who would qualify for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity (圈内人) will do.

　　1.       Take no more game than the bag limit provided for by the fish and game laws. The person who comes back from a trip boasting about the large number of fish or game taken is not a sportsman but a game hog (贪得无厌的捕猎者) .

　　2.       Observe the unwritten rules of fair play. This means shooting game birds only when the birds are "on the wing". For the same reason, do not use a shotgun to shoot a rabbit or similar animal while it is sitting or standing still.

　　3.       Be careful in removing illegal or undersized fish from the hook. This should be done only after wetting the hands . This is necessary because the body of the fish is covered with a thin, protective film which will stick to your dry hands. If the hands are dry when the fish is handled, the film is torn from the body of the fish. Without the protective film, the fish is more easily attacked by diseases. If you wish to release a fish that is hooked in such a way that it will be impossible to closed to the hook as convenient. In a remarkably short time, the hook will break down and the fish will remain almost unharmed. Fish have been known to feed successfully while hooks were still in their lips.

　　4.       Be sure of the identity of your target before you shoot. Many useful and harmless species of wildlife are thoughtlessly killed by the uninformed person who is out with a gun to kill whatever flies within range.

　　S1  In what respect does the author think individual outdoor sports are similar to athletic contests? __________

　　S2  A person who goes out fishing with a fishing rod or hunting with a gun is not necessarily _________

　　S3  Whats the most important thing a true sportsman should bear in mind when he goes fishing or hunting _______

　　S4  Those who violate the fish and game laws will not be ______ for membership in the sportsmanship fraternity

　　S5  What are people called when they break the bag limit and boast about their big catch ?_________

　　S6  A true sportsman will not shoot an animal which is not ______

　　S7  What are people advised to do before they remove illegal or undersized fish from the hook?_______

　　S8  What should sportsman do to avoid killing rare species of wildlife ?________

　　Part V Writing

　　Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teachers Day . you should write at least 120 words following the outline given below：

　　1、 向老师致以节日祝贺

　　2、 从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献

　　3、 我如何回报老师的关爱

05年6月18日大学英语四级试题参考答案

　　Part I   Listening Comprehension

　　1 D The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing .

　　2 C Hand in the ring to the security office .

　　3 B Buy her own computer

　　4 D The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision .

　　5 A The cinema is some distance away from where they are .

　　6 A Hes been to Seattle many times .

　　7 C Manager and office worker .

　　8 B She thinks the lecture might be informative

　　9 C A college campus

　　10 D The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale

　　11 D Electricity

　　12 A  Air traffic conditions

　　13 B Carry little luggage

　　14 C At a county fair

　　15 A Avoid eating any food

　　16 B Behind his back

　　17 B Eating from the outside toward the middle

　　18 A Beauty

　　19 C It was thought a blood vessel in that finger led directly to the heart

　　20 B The two people can have time to decide if they are a good match

　　Part II  Reading Comprehension

　　21 C It will help reduce the nations oil imports

　　22 A believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields

　　23 B it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems

　　24 C Dont be too optimistic

　　25 A remains a controversial issue

　　26 B The words people use can influence their behavior

　　27 D treat their rivals as enemies

　　28 D He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt

　　29 A deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way

　　30 c changing the attitude of players on the sports field

　　31 B the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving

　　32 D still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment

　　33 C examine claims made by products against ISO standards

　　34 B Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false

　　35 A make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements

　　36 B protect it from irresponsible development

　　37 A the population in the Pocono area is growing

　　38 C Cooperation with the local residents and business leaders

　　39 D The setting up of a local Nature Conservancy branch in the Pocono area

　　40 D a research report

　　Part III   Vocabulary

　　41 B edit     42 D dull    43 C come out    44 A tension    45 B horrible

　　46 C worth  47 A absorbed  48 D bridge  49 A ignore  50 B scene

　　51 A retain  52 C balance  53 B shift  54 D content  55 D into

　　56 A effective  57 C sounds  58 D bring down  59 B awarded  60 D harmony

　　61 A at all  62 C with  63 D space  64 B inserted  65 A access

　　66 D run  67 A prior to  68 D confronted  69 B roughly  70 C unless

　　Part IV      Short Answer Questions

　　S1. Both of them are in common with sportsmanship

　　S2. a sportsman

　　S3. To obey the law.

　　S4. qualified

　　S5. A game hog.

　　S6. moving

　　S7. To wet their hands.

　　S8. They should know the identity of the target.